甘蔗收获机智能设计知识表达及知识库系统开发

针对甘蔗收获机领域知识匮乏、重用、共享性差的问题, 通过研究该领域知识的特点,综合利用与或树产生式规则、框架和面向对象的方法表达该领域中的模糊知识及创新性知识, 通过与数据库软件的有效集成,创建智能设计知识库系统,通过对知识库的管理实现知识的获取和维护。     

甘蔗收获机的人性化设计

根据人性化设计的相关理论和甘蔗收获机的开发设计实践,对甘蔗收获机的需求层次因素和环境层次因素、物理层次因素、感性层次因素等人性化设计因素进行了分析研究,并对甘蔗收获机驾驶室的布局、外观造型及色彩进行了人性化设计,使之从功能到形式达到完美协调,获得多个具有实际参考价值的造型方案。     

遥控蔗叶切断还田机设计研究

根据蔗叶还田现状,设计研究了一种蔗叶还田机。该机采用遥控方式控制其行走,利用柔性刀高速旋转切断蔗叶,实现蔗叶还田。利用ANSYS软件对遥控蔗叶切断还田机机架进行了结构强度分析,表明其强度足够。初步试验表明:该机行走灵活稳定,蔗叶切断效果良好,结构简单,功耗小,具有一定的实用价值。     

单圆盘甘蔗切割器运动学仿真

利用机械动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS对甘蔗切割器刀片刀刃上的单点运动轨迹进行了仿真分析研究,根据甘蔗收割机样机切割器的实际尺寸建立了甘蔗切割器的虚拟模型,并在此基础上进行分析,得出了刀片刀刃上单点的空间运动轨迹及其主视图、俯视图、侧视图。     

番木瓜植株镁钾含量变化与缺钾叶枯病的关系

采用田间调查、采样及其室内分析与田间试验相结合的方法,在低钾而高镁的土壤上,从植株各个部位探索番木瓜植株镁、钾营养变化对其生理性缺钾叶枯症的影响。结果表明,番木瓜叶枯症的发生,除与土壤有效钾缺乏有关外,Mg/K比值过高也是导致该症发生的一个重要原因。发生缺钾叶枯病的番木瓜植株,其根、茎、叶片、叶柄等器官含镁量均明显提高,施用钾肥后不但提高了植株的含K量,而且能抑制番木瓜植株对镁的吸收,从而协调平衡Mg/K比值,生理性缺钾叶枯症得到有效控制。     

不同Xa21转基因杂交稻组合的大田试验与分析

在北京、四川和江苏等地对Xa21转基因杂交稻进行了大田释放实验. 分别对转基因纯合的3个恢复系明恢63-Xa21、盐恢559-Xa21和C418-Xa21与各种不育系配组的23个杂交组合进行了抗性和农艺性状分析. 在不同的杂合遗传背景下转基因Xa21稳定遗传和高效表达, 所有杂交组合均具有对白叶枯病的广谱抗性. 转基因恢复系配制的杂交组合与     

Means and variances for Fusarium head blight resistance of F2-derived bulks from winter triticale and winter wheat crosses

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is a devastating disease in cereals. This study was undertaken to estimate progeny means and variances in each of five winter triticale and winter wheat crosses using unselected F₂−derived lines in F₄ or F₅ generation bulked at harvest of the previous generation. Fifty (triticale) and 95 (wheat) progeny per cross were inoculated in two (triticale) or three (wheat) field environments. FHB rating was assessed on a whole-plot basis. Mean disease severities of the parents ranged from 2.3 to 6.4 in triticale and from 3.1 to 6.5 in wheat on a 1-to-9 scale (1 = symptomless, 9 = 100% infected). The midparent values generally resembled the means of their derived progeny. Significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variance was detected within each cross, but genotype × environment interaction and error variances were also high for both crops. Medium to high entry-mean heritabilities (0.6–0.8) underline the feasibility of selecting F₂-derived bulks on a plot basis in several environments. Phenotypic correlation of FHB resistance between generation F_2:4 and F_2:5 was r = 0.87 (P < 0.01) tested across 150 wheat bulks at two locations. Our estimates of selection gain are encouraging for breeders to improve FHB resistance in triticale and wheat by recurrent selection within adapted materials.     

小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性鉴定

用孢子悬液小花注射接种法测定了47个小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性，分析了小穗侵染率与小麦农艺性状间的相关性。结果表明，47个小麦品种中，没有高抗品种，抗病品种8个，占17．02％，中抗品种27个，占57．44％，感病品种10个，占21．28％，高感品种2个，占4．26％。小穗侵染率与株高、穗长、千粒重、千粒重损失率，穗密度等农艺性状相关皆不显著，与生育期相关极显著。     

中国水稻白叶枯病菌系染色体DNA的RFLP谱型的初析

用２个ＤＮＡ探针ｐＪＥＬ１０１和ｐＢＡＳａｖｒＸａ１０对７８个水稻白叶枯病菌系进行ＲＦＬＰ分型，以分析其群体结构和遗传多样性。分别鉴定出１６种ＲＦＬＰ标记带的谱型。以彼此的带位相似率达８５％为界，可分为簇。参试菌系的群体遗传多样性为０．７７（用ｐＪＥＬ１０１），和０．８３ＲＦＬＰ谱型分析表明：我国多数病原型为杂合组群。白叶枯病菌系的分子表现型的变异，远远大于致病型，两个探针都能有效分析我国菌系的群     

Heritability of resistance to foliar late blight in a diploid hybrid potato population of Solanum phureja×Solanum stenotomum

The emergence of new races of Phytophthora infestans has necessitated the search for additional sources of potato germplasm with resistance to late blight. This study examined 281 clones, derived from 72 families of a diploid random-mated hybrid population of Solanum phureja×Solanum stenotomum. The clones were evaluated in a replicated field trial for 2 years with the control cultivar ‘Atlantic’ in Pennsylvania, USA. The P. infestans US-8 A2 mating type culture was used to inoculate spreader rows of susceptible S. tuberosum cv.‘Russet Burbank’. Percent defoliation caused by the late blight fungus was estimated visually in each plot three times near the end of the growing season. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was estimated and showed that late blight was more severe in 1997 than in 1996. Genetic differences among clones and significant, but small, clone–environment interaction were detected for AUDPC. Broad-sense and narrow-sense heritability estimates, over years, were 0.79 ± 0.05 (P = 0.05) and 0.78 ± 0.29, respectively. Seventy-five percent of the diploid clones had a significantly lower mean AUDPC than Atlantic. These results support the idea that this diploid population is worthy of use in breeding for late blight resistance in tetraploid potato cultivars.